Theodicy and the Free Will Defense Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Theodicy and the Free Will Defense - Essay Example This paper esteems to handle the ideas rotating around theodicy and choice; this likewise plans to know whether the unrestrained choice barrier meet all the three rules for a powerful theodicy. Through and through freedom Human unrestrained choice and uninhibitedly picked great activities are of high worth, despite the fact that choice opens up the chance of abhorrence (Pinnock 5). Besides, as guided by the meaning of opportunity, unrestrained choice or free act is a demonstration that isn't resolved coolly in any capacity by one’s hereditary cosmetics, by one’s condition or even by God (Pinnock 5). Similarly, every free individual is perhaps corrupt and allowed to pick underhanded; consequently, given the autonomy of human opportunity from divine control, it is clearly outlandish for God to ensure that people will in every case unreservedly decide to do what is ethically honorable (Pinnock 5). In straightforward terms, Pinnock suggested that choice is considered as a k ey legitimization to malicious (4). People esteem that they have through and through freedom on the off chance that they see themselves as specialists equipped for affecting the world in an assortment of ways (Kane 5). Additionally, people feel that it is up to them what they will pick and how they will act and this implies they could have picked and acted something else (Kane 5). Besides, Kane proposes that the premise of the activities of people practicing unrestrained choice lie in themselves and not outside them which is something that could be outside their ability to control (5). The Biopic Teleological Argument Edwards asked about how an incredible otherworldly Creator can be a Benevolent Super-astuteness when shrewdness is apparent on the planet (299). Edwards at that point underlined that no single, enchantment slug perfectly tackles the issue of theodicy for if there is an accessible arrangement, it generally results from aggregate load of numerous contemplations; subseque ntly, the achievement or disappointment of theodicy involves untrustworthy and variable judgment (299). Monstrous abhorrence on the planet is to be sure the best obstruction of all to have confidence and accept that a decent God made the universe for kind purposes (Edwards 299). Without theodicy, people would deny God of dedication rather scorn may wait in their psyche and hearts (Edwards 299). The Free Will Defense in the midst of the Criteria of Theodicy The Free Will Defense by Alvin Plantinga signifies that a great part of the shrewdness most remarkably the ethical wickedness that exist on the planet is an outcome of God’s blessing people with huge good opportunity (Nash 199). In lieu of the primary measures of powerful theodicy, the reason dealt with just human-caused enduring agreeably as in it justifies why one encounters such. Such result depends on the way that a free and capable decision begins with the smart good specialist who makes it (Edwards 299). Hence, being liable for a decision and its outcomes, for example, enduring methods picking that choice or decision purposely (Edwards 299). As what Edwards (299) featured that ethical specialists are mindful just for the choices they made that began from them, other than that, they may not be considered responsible (Edwards 299). The second standards of a compelling theodicy was handled by the Free Will Defense, so that this methodology focused on that God permits moral malevolence so as to achieve everyone's benefit of permitting his creation to envelop essentially free good specialists, without whom there could be no ethical acceptable (Nash 199). Despite the fact that torment and enduring might be understanding due to the

Psychology questions Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Brain science questions - Term Paper Example For Christian treatment and treatment by and large, I think it’s important to, it might be said, ignore these discoveries and receive a professional dynamic perspective that accentuates the individual’s organization in confronting and fighting their clairvoyant difficulties and dysfunctions. 2. I accept that Freud’s hypotheses are an estimation of human instinct and the utilization of his terms like sense of self resistance instruments and the oblivious are not deductively precise. I figure any treatment would profit by the parts of Freudian psychotherapy that look to locate the profound inclinations of issues over a delayed analytical period, yet that it is incorrect to accept that a helpful methodology that doesn’t include explicit Freudian methodologies and Freudian wording is ineffectual. 3. In looking into Freud’s phase of psychosexual advancement I am attracted to the methods by which people have set stages and battles they should experience so as to formatively advance. While Freud is transcendently worried about the youth phases of advancement, he closes his psychosexual phases of improvement with the genital stage which incorporates enormous bits of immaturity and youthful adulthood (Mitchell 1996). At the point when I consider such stages in my own life I am attracted to the period after graduation from secondary school when I confronted a kind of close to home emergency with respect to my place on the planet and development. I moved toward this life stage sincerely and consistency in both school and my public activity; I would apply these standards to my remedial methodology as I accept they can be applied to a wide assortment of formative difficulties. 4. Thinking about death from a profound point of view, I accept that it is vital for one to consider their own mortality and locate a specific significance or reason in their life. I don’t think it’s fundamentally basic that an individual grasp a faith in an existence in the wake of death, yet that they comprehend that their time on Earth is restricted and

Literal Analysis Of Vietnam War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strict Analysis Of Vietnam War - Essay Example The things these troopers conveyed were just the essential things they required for their security and endurance in the war zone. These incorporate can openers, folding knife, the testament demonstrating that they had experienced overwhelming military preparing; mosquito nets that shielded them from sicknesses, for example, jungle fever, which was normal in the territory, and cigarettes. Other basic things they conveyed were moderate size jars of water, biting gums, a medical aid box, and sewing units. Shockingly, these things were around fifteen to twenty pounds, which relied upon the soldiers’ typical digestion rate. All these stuff should be conveyed to each place the officers went. It was a person’s own misstep on the off chance that he overlooked the stuff behind, for he will confront the difficulties ahead alone. The things the warriors conveyed were many, however everything clinched was important and had a reason. This shows difficulties the fighters confronted c ouldn't be diminished or halted since every issue was ‘necessary’ and they needed to confront it in any case. They had no way out of picking which issue to confront, like the things in the packs, which were all basic and missing one thing could make a profound issue a trooper. The allegory for the things conveyed in the stuff is unmistakably observed. The troopers acknowledged the demands realizing that it was only for them to confront them. Subsequently, they needed to set up their psyche and feelings for the future difficulties that were yet to come, with the goal that they won't be surprised.... This shows difficulties the officers confronted couldn't be decreased or halted, since every issue was ‘necessary’ and they needed to confront it in any case. They had no way out of picking which issue to confront, like the things in the sacks, which were all fundamental and missing one thing could make a profound issue a trooper. The similitude for the things conveyed in the stuff is plainly observed. The fighters acknowledged the demands realizing that it was must for them to confront them. Subsequently, they needed to set up their psyche and feelings for the future difficulties that were yet to come, with the goal that they won't be astounded. Investigation on the Act of Carrying the Bag When this pack was loaded with things they required, they conveyed it to wherever they went, and during the wartime, they were put at a safe spot until the war had finished. The demonstration of conveying the stuff, which was routinely substantial, shows the force of the difficulties and challenges they needed to shoulder. The heaviness of the things in the stuff was the fundamental test of those packs, but then they needed to convey them to all spots. The weights they experienced were extraordinarily substantial for an individual to manage and they required some directing and rest. Tragically, there was no one to give them comforting bit of word, and give time to unwind. More often than not, they were on their feet conveying the overwhelming stuff and battling materials as they unfavorable towards the battlegrounds. The demonstration of conveying this overwhelming things represents the heaviness of the difficulties they confronted which eventually was excruciating to convey. A portion of the fighters chose to flee due to the sum and force of the war. In this way, examining the heaviness of the things shows how

Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems

Question: Talk about the Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems. Answer: Presentation: Nepean clinic is a greatest emergency clinic in blue mountain area with 520 bed and covers different strengths, for example, clinical, careful, mental , pediatric and palliative consideration. I will be working Ambulatory technique community (APC) ward. Most of the patient in this ward is conceded with normal crisis careful condition, for example, an infected appendix, cholecystitis, diverticulitis and inside hindrance and a large portion of them are self mindful. It is quick paced ward and we need to manage IV anti-infection agents and torment drug. The focal point of my prescription sla venture is appropriate documentation of known sensitivity and patient;s antagonistic medication response in the drug graph. I will propose my undertaking by planning banner introduction and demonstrating it to other wellbeing laborers in the ward. Clinical proof proposes that unfriendly medication response is one of the main factor to build death rate and increment patients length of remain in emerg ency clinic. Besides, there has been proof where patients hypersensitivity documentation is missed, and their wellbeing break down by giving the medication which they are adversely affected by. Thusly, the result of SLA is to forestall such unfavorably susceptible and antagonistic medication response by appropriate documentation in prescription diagram. The reason and points of the Med-SLA Some ongoing cases had been accounted for in the ward, which had raised countless worries among the higher specialists with respect to the security of the patients in the hands of the new alumni attendants. As of late a patient had been given decongestants because of hypersensitive responses that were not had the option to be constrained by antihistamines. In any case, while surveying her fundamental signs in the later piece of the day, her circulatory strain was seen as higher. The medical attendant thusly imagined that it was important to make her circulatory strain go under control. Consequently, without deduction much, she gave the patient an antihypertensive medication, which treats hypertension. Anyway she didn't know about the outcomes that there brings about an escalated tranquilize sedate collaboration when decongestants and antihypertensive are accepted together as it brings about further increment in the pulse levels causing potentation. Her guide, who quickly dealt with t his condition, forestalled any further risk to the patient. Another comparable occurrence occurred on account of patient who was conceded because of a contamination in her digestive organs. She was recommends antibiotic medication by the specialist so as to battle the hurtful microorganisms in her digestion tracts. The attendant at that point gave her morning meal containing milk, egg and natural products. The medical attendant was anyway had no clue about the communication that calcium typically has with that of antibiotic medication. She didn't have a clue about that calcium decreases the impacts of antibiotic medication obliterating the potential impacts of antibiotic medication. All these had concerned the higher specialists and the patients and their relatives about the wellbeing medications that the attendants give which thusly are having negative impacts in the patients. A medication tranquilize connection is a circumstance when a substance just as some other medication can influence the presentation of another medication when regulated together to a patient. The activity that outcomes can be of three unique sorts. It very well may be either synergistic when the impact of the later medication is expanded. It can likewise bring about opposing impacts which brings about the impact of the later medication being decreased. Thirdly, it might likewise bring about the commencement of another sort of impact, which is totally unique in relation to the activity of every one of the medications that collaborated (Vallerand, Sanoski and Deglin, 2016). These sorts of collaborations regularly end up being hurtful for the patient bringing about compromising the life of the patient who had desired assistance. Another significant circumstance that has gone to the notification of the authority is the absence of giving appropriate medication to the patients. The attendants are not counseling their clinical history before recommending any medications. This thus is bringing about the event of various hypersensitivities in certain patients, which upgrades the antagonistic circumstances for the patient creation them endure more (Lewis et al. 2015). Patients frequently require different meds in instances of their mind boggling sicknesses or scatters that they are experiencing. Be that as it may, after basically breaking down the indication bunch of the patient, it is an obligation of the attendant to write down the clinical history of the patient so as to know whether they are experiencing any past sicknesses or not and the prescriptions they take all the time (Wang et al. 2016). Documentation of such prescription is significant with the goal that the attendant build up a primer information about the drugs she ought to keep away from. In addition, the attendant herself ought to have an itemized thought regarding the foundations and the elements of various prescription that bring about medication tranquilize connection as well as result in sensitivities in the patients. These sorts of events causes diminished remedial impacts of the great meds, expanded unfriendly response and patient mischief. It additionally brings about a gene ral negative effect on the notoriety of an association serving for mankind (Lehne and Rosenthal, 2014). The Australian nursing and birthing assistance board has expressed the significance of keep up wellbeing conventions while giving prescriptions to the patients. It ordinarily anticipates that each attendant should be dependable enough to the consider the various elements of the meds with the goal that they can assess whether any collaboration would occur or not. In addition, they ought to likewise think about the half-existence of the fixings in cases in the event that they need to regulate two inverse medications with the goal that they don't will in general respond in the patient. Additionally, they likewise will in general consider the bioavailability and pinnacle level of every one of the prescriptions that they are regulating (Muraro et al. 2014). The standard 4 or prescription wellbeing that had been proposed by the states in point number 5 under point 4.9 in the executives activities of medications and usage systems guarantees that they give current just as precise meds data alongside choice supporting instruments to the attendants. These are done to enable the attendants to settle on clinical choice viably which stays identified with restorative use. The board of burrowed collaboration databases is likewise proposed by them to be a significant standards that ought to be kept up by the attendants. As recommended techniques, they have expressed the use of choice help devices that go with electronic medication the board frameworks like superseding of dynamic alarms for tranquilize cooperations, contraindications, tolerant sensitivity cautions in endorsing and also a s in administering frameworks. In this manner, the principle point of the venture of the MED SLA is to create information on the various medical attendants about the idea of attendant communication. Its point is make the medical attendants mindful of the various advances that they may need to diminish odds of medication cooperation in their training and make their organization safe and of high caliber. The procedure used to finish the Med SLA: The banner had been set up in basic language with appropriate headings that would help the medical caretakers in seeing every one of the focuses in detail. They can tail it an as direction so as to forestall any prescription mistake. It shows that destructive impacts that their carelessness may have on their vocation and on the patient life. It says about the means that they can attempt to diminish hurtful practices and keep away from carelessness. It likewise portrays the administrations where they can go to look for help when they are befuddled or when they need to explain any questions. This banner is relied upon to help the attendants in diminishing prescription mistake and building up their abilities in drug organization. The potential results of the Med SLA: Various sorts of activities have been taken to make the human services staffs mindful of the hurtful outcomes that may prompt the hazardous circumstances for patients. The patients typical course of treatment would get influenced and his recuperation procedure might be postponed. This may likewise hamper the quality life that an assistance client anticipates. Plus, giving improper prescription not just outcomes in sedate medication cooperations and causes hypersensitivities yet additionally hurt the profession and notoriety of the attendant including her in legitimate commitments. Consequently, the banner would contain the various impacts it might have on the life of the patient and on the professions of patients. Moreover, it would likewise assist them with taking safety measures, which would keep them from committing such errors and help them in basically breaking down the medications and their fixings as indicated by the clinical history of the patients. This banner will likewise assist the attendant with enhancing their nursing rehearses if there should be an occurrence of medicine organization by talking with the significant sites, senior coaches and in any event, experiencing diverse proof based articles (Rampton et al. 2014). Assessment of the task result: The assessment of the result of the venture is important to comprehend whether the task had been fruitful in its point of making attendants mindful of the outcomes of unseemly medicine organization. So as to assess it, the authority may lead a clinical review to survey the current situation (Black and Dawood, 2014). Decrease in the quantity of instances of medication sedate connection and hypersensitivities will naturally execute that the task positively affected the act of the attendants (Fernando et al. 2014). In addition, welcoming intelligent bits of work from the medical caretakers is accepted to be useful in understanding the effect so the task in the present nursing rehearses. Impressions of the medical caretakers won't just cause them to understand their own positive and negative angles yet will likewise assist the overseeing body with knowing about the observations that the attendants are harboring in them (Wheatley et al. 2015). Changes to my training: Whil

Dialectical Behavior Therapy for OCD

Dialectical Behavior Therapy for OCD OCD Treatment Print Dialectical Behavior Therapy for OCD Another Alternative When Exposure Therapy Doesnt Work By LuAnn Pierce, LCSW, is a licensed clinical social worker who has worked in the field of mental health and human services for over 25 years. Learn about our editorial policy LuAnn Pierce, LCSW Updated on November 18, 2019 Martin Barraud/Getty Images More in OCD Treatment Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Types Living With OCD Related Conditions Your therapist may have recommended that you pursue dialectical behavior therapy for your obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). What type of therapy is this and how does it compare with other therapies for OCD? Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for OCD Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy that focuses on how thoughts and feelings can lead to behaviors. It has been found to be very helpful in both the short term and long term for people living with OCD. A type of cognitive behavior therapy called exposure-response prevention therapy (ERP) has been considered the gold standard for treating OCD. Yet for those who find that exposure-response prevention therapy does not work for them, dialectical behavior therapy may be an option. Dialectical Behavior Therapy Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a form of cognitive behavior therapy that focuses on mindfulness, acceptance, validation, and building trust. It was originally intended for people with borderline personality disorder but has since been looked at for people with a wide range of mental health concerns. One of the biggest differences between DBT and other forms of therapy is the concept of acceptance. No matter your thoughts, they are not good or bad. DBTs History Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) was developed by Marsha Linehan in the late 1970s at the University of Washington. Linehan worked with patients who had chronic suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts and self-harming behaviors that are often the result of deep wounds from childhood abuse and/or neglect. Many people who have these traits are diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD), while others may be suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). At the time that DBT was developed, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) had been identified as the treatment of choice for pretty much every mental illness. Linehan, however, realized that the patients she worked with were unable to benefit from CBT due to the direct nature of the work and the constant focus on change. These patients felt CBT was judgmental, confrontational and invalidating. Linehan wisely adapted traditional CBT to make the approach more validating. Since that time, DBT has been proven effective for a wide array of other mental health problems, particularly mood and anxiety disorders. Skill Sets DBT has four primary skill sets (discussed further below) that people can learn to apply to their lives. These include: Distress toleranceEmotional regulationInterpersonal effectivenessMindfulness DBT is generally taught in groups that accompany individual therapy sessions. People who are learning to used DBT skills document how well and how often they apply the skills between group sessions and discuss this in-depth with the individual therapist. DBT for OCD and Anxiety: Acceptance and Non-Judgment DBT skills are used to cope with the pain and fears associated with everyday life. DBT draws heavily on the Buddhist concepts of acceptance, non-judgment, and mindfulness. These have been found to be very useful skills for managing OCD. Unlike CBT, where the focus is on making and measuring changes in behavior, DBT is focused on acceptance and non-judgment. The therapeutic relationship is critical as people learn to be honest about their behavior and emotions without shame or feeling like they have failed. It is the validation of their efforts to show up and talk about their progress (or lack thereof) that is important for many people. Once trust with the therapist is established, people tend to take more risks in therapy. This step is often necessary before they are ready to make changes. Studies have found that DBT can improve quality of life and self-control as well as reduce hopelessness in people with personality disorders such as OCD. How to Apply DBT Skills to OCD If youre wondering how you may be able to used DBT skills with your OCD, here are examples of how these skills are used: Distress Tolerance: These skills are used to either distract or self-soothe when faced with disturbing thoughts or emotions. Emotional Regulation: By  learning skills to manage the anxiety related to obsessions and/or fear, you will begin to realize that your anxiety will lessen with time without having to give in to the usual compulsion or reassurance. Interpersonal Effectiveness: This set of skills helps you manage your feelings related to interactions with others, which might include needing to seek reassurance. Mindfulness: The skill of mindfulness helps you to be more present at the moment. Being mindful includes not hanging on and attaching to distressing thoughts, practicing being non-judgmental (realizing that your thoughts are neither right nor wrong,) and redirecting your thoughts to the present moment when intrusive, repetitive thoughts occur. An Alternative to ERP DBT does not directly address obsessions and compulsions as does exposure-response prevention therapy (ERP). DBT skills are used to cope with the anxiety associated with fearful thoughts or obsessions that result in compulsive behaviors. Additional Treatment May Be Needed There are a number of treatments that may be considered for OCD. Most people need medication in addition to therapy to manage OCD. An evaluation by a psychiatrist is recommended to determine if medication might be helpful in your treatment plan. Bottom Line Dialectical behavior therapy is a type of cognitive behavior therapy that may be effective for some people with OCD. In particular, those who have found exposure-response prevention therapy, the gold standard for OCD, ineffective. It can be frustrating to live with OCD, but therapy and sometimes medications may greatly improve your symptoms and decrease your distress related to the disorder. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Aristotelian Spectacle Shown Through Beds in the Plays of Tennessee Williams - Literature Essay Samples

An extremely specific author, Tennessee Williams is known for his elaborate and in-depth descriptions of sets, costumes, sound, and general staging, often appearing to have the last detail written out in his seemingly endless supply of stage directions. This descriptive style would, at first, make one assume that Williams’s plays do not conform to what Aristotle believed was the proper use of spectacle. According to the latter, spectacle includes all sets, costumes, and things to do with the staging of the show, and is by far the least important element of a proper tragedy, never to drive the plot or provide crucial details that could not be gleaned elsewhere. However, despite the contradiction that might appear to arise as a result of Williams’s copious stage directions, he not only acts within the bounds of Aristotle’s definition of spectacle; he appears to epitomize it. One of the most salient examples of this dynamic is Williams’s use of beds in severa l of his most famous plays, specifically in The Glass Menagerie and A Streetcar Named Desire. In examining this interaction, it is important to note both what the beds do and do not do in their respective roles in the plays. In this way, Williams’s use of beds in The Glass Menagerie and A Streetcar Named Desire is a near perfect example of the way Aristotle believes spectacle should be used in theatre. Of the six major elements that comprise proper Aristotelian tragedy, spectacle is by far considered to be the least important. In Poetics, Aristotle states that spectacle—which B. R. Rees defines as â€Å"the visual aspect of the drama†Ã¢â‚¬â€is â€Å"connected least with the art of poetry,† and that the spectacle should never be the driving force behind the plot (Rees 10, Poetics 13). Aristotle also makes it clear that while â€Å"fear and pity may be aroused by spectacular means,† the play ought to be able to be only spoken and still arouse such feelings (24). This clearly highlights the fact that in Aristotle’s view of the ideal tragedy, the spectacle should be used as a subsidiary device by the plot. This means that crucial plot points should not be hidden in the spectacle where they must be seen to be understood, as evident by his statement that the play must function equally well if there is no visual aspect at all. Instead, the spectacle sho uld enhance what is already present and powerful, and provide both support and embellishment to the plot. It is in this way that beds in Tennessee Williams’s two plays The Glass Menagerie and A Streetcar Named Desire function as perfect examples of spectacle. As pieces of the scenery, the beds certainly count as aspects of the spectacle. They are included in the floor plans of each play, and serve as visual aids for the audience and offer the actors a wide range of choices for how to interact with them. Specifically, the two beds that are of most note in each play are, in The Glass Menagerie, the daybed in the center of the living room on which Tom sleeps. In A Streetcar Named Desire, it is located in the bedroom and labeled as â€Å"iron bed† in the floor plan, and is also where Stanley rapes Blanche at the end of the show (Streetcar 104). In both cases, the beds each have two key traits that make them the ideal form of spectacle in Aristotelian terms. The first of these is the fact that they are relatively understated. Neither of them are shoved to the very center of the stage according the floor plans, and in the case of Streetcar, the bed is located as far upstage as it can go (104). In The Glass Menagerie, the day bed is locat ed further downstage, but it is also set far closer to stage left and, given that it could not be located in the dining room, is located far enough upstage so as not to be the obvious point of focus (Menagerie 68). In addition, the daybed’s location allows for the actors onstage to interact with it at their leisure, meaning that when attention is fixed on it, that is only a byproduct of the focus given to the characters and plot. This understated nature of these two beds in their floor plans is reflected in productions of the plays. In an image from article on Walter Schoen’s production of The Glass Menagerie, performed in 2009 at the Saratov Academic Theatre in Saratov, Russia and discussed in a piece by the University of Richmond, the stage is clearly set so that the daybed, as well as the other set pieces, are not so flashy or vital seeming that they draw attention away from the plot or the character, which Aristotle states are the two most important elements of tragedy (U of Richmond, Poetics 11). Correspondingly, in a revival production of A Streetcar Named Desire by the Walnut Street Theatre, located in Philadelphia and also performed in 2009, director Malcolm Black also stays true to Williams’s stage design and, by extension, to the beliefs of Aristotle. In pictures of the production taken by Mark Garvin and published by the Walnut Street Theatre on their website, Black’s staging has the â€Å"iron bed† located in the same far upstage region as Williams’s floor plan indi cates, and, like Schoen’s Glass Menagerie, the bed is not used in such a way that attention is drawn from the plot or characters (Walnut Street Theatre). In both of these case, the beds in and of themselves do not provide any information that is absolutely essential to the plot that could not be gleaned elsewhere, meaning that the Aristotelian requirement that the spectacle could be removed entirely and the story preserved is fulfilled. An example of this improper use of spectacle with the beds would be if they were located so that they blocked the actors, or were decorated in such an extravagant fashion that the audience would choose to focus on them to the exclusion of the plot. In both of the productions cited above, the beds are set in the same unassuming and practical locations the Williams wrote they should be, and were both very standard looking and not at all attention stealing (coincidentally, they were nearly the exact same light golden-yellow color). In this way, t he beds in both Glass Menagerie and Streetcar each possess the first of the two key traits that Aristotle believed were essential for the spectacle: they do not draw attention away from the plot or characters, and did not contain any essential information in their composition that would be lost if the show were down without visuals. They fulfill the second requirement by the fact that while the beds are not absolutely essential to the play, they do provide some amount of either support or embellishment for the plot, as shown by the different ideas they symbolize in their respective stories. While Aristotle clearly believes that the spectacle of a play should not be essential to the show, he does not state that it ought to be useless or superfluous; rather, he focuses on the fact that the other elements are much more important, and that the spectacle should never take priority. The spectacle does have, he states, â€Å"an emotional attraction of its own,† albeit a less artistic or important one (Poetics 13). Thus, in order for the spectacle to be of most use to the show, its attraction must be directly tied to that of the plot, and instead of being an integral piece of the plot, it should instead increase the level of tragedy in a non-essential manner, so that the show may still be performed without visual aid, but when that aid is present, something is gained. This is precisely what the beds in Glass Menagerie and Streetcar accomplish. In each play, the represent some idea or theme present throughout the show, but only do so by way of the plot and not through any special characteristic of their own. In the case of The Glass Menagerie, the very name of the â€Å"daybed† is suggestive. Because it is not even a proper sleeping area, the fact that Tom uses it and does not have his own room represents both his lack of proper privacy and accommodations, as well as the sacrifices that he is making for the family (Menagerie 22). By having Tom’s bed not even be a real one, as well as its being located in the living room, Williams emphasizes an idea that occurs numerous times in the text in such a way that without the bed, the feeling is still communicate, but its presence does add embellishment and additional detail. This dynamic is also visible by the fact that when Tom finally confronts Amanda about all the sacrifices he makes, the stage directions have him sitting on the daybed for most of the rant (23). Th is is another example of a place where the spectacle is not required for the advancement of the plot, but its inclusion does further the latter. In Streetcar, the bed represents something must more ominous, but equally important to the plot. Given that it is the location where Stanley rapes Blanche, its presence onstage serves as further vindication of his climactic statement that he and Blanche have been heading for this â€Å"from the beginning† (Streetcar 94). However, the bed’s continual presence throughout the show is not necessary for this line to be understandable; there is ample evidence in the dialogue throughout the play that tension was building between Blanche and Stanley, and also that Stanley might be the type of man who would do this. Thus, the bed does not usurp the role of the plot and provoke â€Å"fear and pity by spectacular means† (Poetics 24). Instead, it continues to support and vindicate elements that exist already. The fact that the fina l stage direction of this scene states that Stanley â€Å"starts towards the bed† also proves this dynamic between spectacle and plot, since the audience can already clearly see what is going to happen through the dialogue and characters, but the additional visual cue by the spectacle aids in this advancement (Streetcar 94). In this way, in both plays, the spectacle does not have any power or meaning in and of itself, but rather is given symbolic value by the nature of the plot. Thus, in both the case of The Glass Menagerie and A Streetcar Named Desire, Tennessee Williams use of beds is a perfect example of how Aristotle believes spectacle ought to be employed: they neither pull attention away from the plots nor provide crucial information by themselves, meaning that were the shows done without a spectacle at all, the absences of the beds would not destroy the plays’ abilities to provoke fear or pity. However, they are not useless, and do serve the plot by adding additional meaning or understanding to ideas that already exist, while still not being fundamentally essential to the show. Thus, Tennessee Williams manages to accomplish a difficult feat in the eyes of Aristotle, and does it with such effectiveness that one almost feels back for the old Athenian, given that he unfortunately could not use Williams’s works as one of his many examples in Poetics. Works Cited Aristotle. Poetics. Edited by S. H. Butcher, Mineola, Dover Publications, 1997. A Classic American Masterpiece to Celebrate!: A Streetcar Named Desire. Walnut Street Theatre, edited by Ralph Weeks, www.walnutstreettheatre.org/season/show/a-streetcar-named-desire. Accessed 15 Nov. 2016. The Glass Menagerie Professors Tennessee Williams Production Wins Big in Russia. Review of The Glass Menagerie, Saratov Academic Theatre, Saratov. University of Richmond Newsroom, edited by Cynthia Price, U of Richmond, 30 Oct. 2009, news.richmond.edu/features/article/-/162/the-glass-menagerie-professors-tennessee-williams-production-wins-big-in-russia.html. Accessed 15 Nov. 2016. Rees, B. R. Pathos in the Poetics of Aristotle. Cambridge University Press, vol. 19, no. 1, Apr. 1972, pp. 1-11. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/642517. Accessed 15 Nov. 2016. Williams, Tennessee. The Glass Menagerie. Acting ed., New York, Dramatists Play Services, 1945 . . A Streetcar Named Desire. Acting ed., New York, Dramatists Play Services, 1947.

The Sunni Shia And Arab Israeli Conflict - 1028 Words

Leslie Orozco Professor Petrovic International Conflict 17 May 2016 The Sunni-Shia and Arab-Israeli Conflict Throughout the course, various religious and ethnic violent conflicts have been discussed. Two of the most important and most present in current times is the Sunni-Shia and the Arab-Israeli conflicts. Although both conflicts are still very relevant today, the structural and triggering conditions that contributed to the conflict began many years ago and since then have escalated to the point where it is now. Although a resolution for both of these conflicts is a far reach at this point in time, the best strategy ideally would be to encourage the nations involved with conflict to deal with the problem at the political level instead of a religious one and create a system that protects all the different expressions of religion in the region. The Sunni-Shia conflict is a conflict that has been around since there was a question in who the rightful heir to the religion of Islam would be. It became an issue on whose form of Islam was the correct one a nd who should lead the religion. This shift in the leadership of the religion became a question of who would dominate the religion. Just like it states in the theories, this is one of the preconditions for violent conflict. This conflict is a player in many other Middle eastern conflicts including the Iran-Saudi conflict, the Iraq civil war, and the Syrian conflict. The modern conflict erupted after the Iranian/IslamicShow MoreRelatedIslam and Great Sectarian Divide1098 Words   |  5 Pagesfaiths by Shias and Sunnis is truly staggering.  This is specially so when one considers the tiny differences that define and divide them. Since the earliest days of Islam in the 7th century when the schism first tore the young Muslim community apart, the two sects have been warring incessantly. Untold thousands have been killed over the years, and this internecine war continues to devastate communities and nations. I am not qualified to go into the rights and wrongs of this old conflict. HoweverRead MoreA Conflict Of Your Choice Since The End Of The Cold War Essay2198 Words   |  9 PagesAnalyse a conflict of your choice since the end of the Cold War, identifying the main parties (direct and indirect actors) and issues, explaining the conflict and relating it to its social or international context and how these factors have evolved over the life-cycle of the conflict. This should be done with a conceptual underpinning of the type of conflict being examined and within the organisational framework of conflict mapping. The conflict I will analyse is the Iraq War, met the standard definitionRead MoreStrategic Relations Between Saudi Arabia And Iraq3133 Words   |  13 Pagesshort-lived United Arab Republic in 1958 and the shifting relationships between Saudi Arabia and Iraq . 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